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OALib Journal期刊

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Depression and Suicidal Risk in HIV-Infected Adults at Brazzaville University Hospital: Prevalence and Associated Factors  [PDF]
Bienvenu Rolland Ossibi Ibara, Tatia Adoua Doukaga, Alain M. Mouanga, André Moukouma, Martin Ekat, Parfait Bintsindou, Ella Angonga Pabota, Princesse Benet Lebaho, Bebene Damba Banzuzi
Advances in Infectious Diseases (AID) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/aid.2024.141003
Abstract: Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral tritherapies have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PVVIH) and extended their life expectancy. However, the nervous system is faced with a neurotropic virus that evolves chronically, sometimes creating neurological disorders directly or indirectly linked to stigmatization or therapeutic effects. Objective: to determine the prevalence of depression associated with suicidal risk (SR) and identify associated factors. Patients and method: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study from January 1 to November 30, 2022, including all HIV-positive patients receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. The study took place in the infectious diseases department of Brazzaville University Hospital. This department has an inpatient capacity of 36 beds, and an outpatient capacity of 25 patients per day, three times a week. This is the largest center for PVVIH in Brazzaville. The Patient Heath Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess the degree of depression and suicidal risk. Therapeutic adherence was assessed using the Morisky questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages, and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations. Statistical tests were used according to their applicability criteria. For all tests, the significance threshold was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 150 patients were consulted, constituting the sample size. The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was 32%. These patients had an average age of 42.83 ± 10.24 years, were female (n = 101; 67.3%), Christian (n = 97; 64%), single (n = 68; 45.3%). Stigmatization (n = 75; 50%) was the reason for attempted suicide. HIV was perceived as treatable (n = 103; 68.7%), unlucky (n = 62; 41.3%). Patients were WHO stage 1 (n = 105; 70%). RS was present in 47 cases (31.3%). Factors associated with depression and suicidal risk were age (p = 0.000), residence (p = 0.028), suicide attempt (p = 0.000), desire to procreate (p = 0.000) and ARV (antiretrovirals) side effects (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was high, in line with stigma and socio-economic conditions. The associated factors were in line with those identified in the literature. Mental health needs to be integrated into the overall care of people living with HIV.
Global Cardiovascular Risk of the HIV Positive Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazzaville  [PDF]
Stéphane Méo Ikama, Franck Ekoba-Otende, Jospin Makani, Amélia Bokilo, Bienvenu Ossibi-Ibara, Louis Igor Ondze-Kafata, Bertrand Fikhaem Ellenga-Mbolla, Thierry Raoul Gombet, Suzy Gisèle Kimbally-Kaky
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases (WJCD) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2019.98048
Abstract: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from January to August 2015 at the Brazzaville Ambulatory Treatment Center and at？the National Blood Transfusion Center. The objective was to contribute to improving？the care of people living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy by assessing their global cardiovascular risk (CVR). The variables studied focused on the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects. The global CVR was assessed？by the Framingham and WHO/ISH scores. There were 135 HIV-positive subjects,？including 64 treated patients and 71 untreated HIV+ subjects. The subjects were divided into 83 men (61.5%) and 52 women (38.5%), with an average age of 42.6 ± 2.9 old years. The subjects were single people (62.2%), of a secondary educational level (63.7%), and civil servants (32.6%). The main risk factors found were dyslipidaemia (60%), obesity (36%), smoking (12.6%), hypertension (5.9%), diabetes (0.7%). The metabolic syndrome was found in seven cases (11.3%). The global CVR according to the score of Framingham, initially moderated at 17.2%, and mean at 1.5% within treated patients, was mean at 9.4% and high at 1.6% of the subjects respectively at the sixth month of treatment (p < 0.03). For the score of the WHO/ISH, the risk was high at 2% and very high at 3% within treated patients initially. This risk was increased to 3.1% for the high and very high risk respectively at sixth month of treatment (p < 0.04). In Congo, the HIV population involves a high global？CVR under antiretroviral therapy. Preventive actions are highly recommended.
Evaluation of HIV Viral Load Activity at the Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory in the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville  [PDF]
Esther Nina Ontsira Ngoyi, Tanguy Mieret, Roland Bienvenu Ossibi Ibara, Axel Aloumba, Géril Obili Sekangue, Armel Claude Itoua, Irène Laure Opfou, Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde, Hervé Léon Iloki, Bertrand Dupont, Christine Rouzioux
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology (OJMM) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2019.94017
Abstract: Introduction: The bacteriology-virology laboratory of the teaching university hospital of Brazzaville, was equipped with a real-time PCR device like Miniopticon (Biorad？ , France). The aim of this work was to do an evaluation of the HIV viral load activity, with a view to proposing some recommendations. Material and methods: Retrospective study, January 2013 to March 2015, in patients on first line ARV three-therapy, pre-inclusion therapy checkup in HIV positive patients, but again screening after sexual abuse in women or accident of exposure (AES). A blood sample on EDTA tube was made and RNA extraction with Qiagen kit. Ultrasensitive HIV-RNA quantification was performed using the Generic HIV real-time PCR assay (Biocentric？, Bandol, France). Results: 126 patients were included. The mean age was 37.63 years +/- 10.43 years, sex ratio F/H = 2.3. The HIV viral load was detectable in 94 cases (74.6%). Concerning patients with detectable viral load (copies/ml): 403 to 996 in 35 cases (37.23%), 1411 to 1812 in 41 cases (43.62%) and >1814 in 5 cases (5.32%) (therapeutic failure). Conclusion: This work reports success in the setting up of the molecular biology unit. Procedures that implement information and education actions on the risks associated with AES must be disclosed.
Proteinuria in Children Living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart)  [PDF]
Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo, Roland Bienvenu Ossibi Ibara, Neli Yvette Ngakengni, Laren Babomi, Gaston Ekouya Bowassa, Linda Tchidjo Ngamo, Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou, Sabrina Nadia Bouithy, Evrard Romaric Nika, Jean Robert Mabiala Babela
Open Journal of Pediatrics (OJPed) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2020.102026
Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of proteinuria in children living with HIV (CLHIV) and identify associated factors. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out from April to August 2017 in the HIV care centres in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire. The study included CLHIV with dipstick urinalysis test “Combur10 Test® M”. Results: Thirty seven CLHIV on HAART presented a proteinuria, 21.8%. Children were male gender in 21 cases (56.8%) and female gender in 16 cases (43.2%). Mean age was 10.9 ± 3.9 years. The children were infected with type 1 virus in 35 cases (94.6%), vertical transmission in all the cases (100%). Children were living with HIV for about 2 to 4 years of average n = 18 (48.6%) and they were WHO clinical stage 2 in 18 cases (48.6%). 13 children (35%) had CD4 level < 200 cells/mm3. All CLHIV (100%) were on HAART thus 20 (37.7%) on the combination of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP). This combination AZT, 3TC, NVP was a protective factor regarding the occurrence of proteinuria (OR: 0.43; IC (95%). Conclusion: Proteinuria is less observed in CLHIV on HAART. Systematic screening and early management of proteinuria during follow-up of these children improve their survival.
Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease at Brazzaville University Hospital Center  [PDF]
Murielle Etiennette Julie Note Madzele, Pierlesky Elion Ossibi, Rody Stéphane Ngami, Didace Massamba Miabaou, Clausina Philestine Mikolele Ahoui Apendi, Noé Henschel Motoula Latou,   Bhodeho Medy Monwongui, Giresse Bienvenu Tsouassa Wa Ngono, Prude Pertinie Avala, Carmich Nzaka Moukala, Cédrick Du Bonheur Alima Koya, Blaise Irénée Atipo-Ibara
Surgical Science (SS) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ss.2024.153016
Abstract: Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is a common pathology and its surgical treatment is based, among other things, on pedicular resection after failure of medical and instrumental treatment. The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolving aspects of hemorrhoidal disease at the stage of surgical treatment at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from January 2020 to December 2021, a 24 months period, in the Digestive surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. It concerned patients who underwent a surgical procedure for hemorrhoidal disease. Results: 21 cases were collected, representing a hospital frequency of 2.3%, with a sex ratio of 4.3 in favor of men. The average age of patients was 42.2 ± 11.9 years. The symptoms were mainly proctalgia, mass sensation and rectal bleeding. We recorded five cases (19.1%) of hemorrhoidal thrombosis and 16 cases (80.9%) of hemorrhoidal prolapse including 12 cases requiring manual integration (Goligher grade III) and four irreducible permanent cases (Goligher grade IV). The Grade III prolapse was associated with a polyp in one patient and with posterior anal fissure in another patient. Out of the 21 patients, 14 underwent a tripedicular hemorrhoidectomy according to Milligan and Morgan. Two patients underwent mono- and bipedicular hemorrhoidectomy with resection of associated lesions and five patients underwent emergency thrombectomy. The outcome was favorable for all our patients. The average length of hospital stay was 1.5 ± 2.1 days. Conclusion: In the event of failure of medical and instrumental treatment, the hemorrhoidal cure according to Milligan and Morgan is the surgical treatment of reference for hemorrhoidal disease at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.
A Simple Elasto-Plastic Iterative Method by Fem for the Analysis of Plane Articulated Truss: Case of a 3-Bar Truss  [PDF]
Djomi Rolland, Fokam Bopda Christian, Kenmeugne Bienvenu, Kanmogne Abraham, Mbobda Gerard
Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering (MSCE) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/msce.2021.96002
Abstract: This paper presents a simplified numerical simulation tool for the elasto-plastic calculation of plane articulated truss by the finite element method (FEM) in MATLAB. The simplified approach consists of linearizing isotropic strain-hardening (to obtain a bilinear material law). The numerical implementation is built on the basis of the incremental and iterative FEM algorithms. The numerical resolution technique used is based on the projection methods of the modified Newton-Raphson solution. The MATLAB program is developed for the application of a 3-bar truss under monotonous quasi-static loading. Different values of the approximation error of the convergence criterion are used to study its impact on the quality of the algorithm. Numerical simulations have shown the reliability and quality of our simplified approach regardless of the approximation error.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Epidemiological, Clinical and Endoscopic Aspects in Brazzaville  [PDF]
Bienvenu H. Atipo-Ibara, Anicet Boumba, Lucie C. Atipo Ibara Ollandzobo Ikobo, Arnaud Mongo-Onkouo, Jile F. Mimiesse Monamou, Ngala A. Itoua-Ngaporo, Donatien Moukassa, Blaise I. Atipo Ibara, Jean-Rosaire Ibara
Open Journal of Gastroenterology (OJGas) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2023.134014
Abstract: Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a real health problem worldwide. It is the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries. Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection and to study the epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic characteristics associated with this infection in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to November 2020, i.e. 11 months. This work focused on 100 symptomatic patients over 18 years old referred for upper GI endoscopy. Gastric biopsies for biological study by urease test and molecular study by real time PCR technique were taken. Results: With a mean age of 46.32 ± 15.20 years, the frequency of Hp infection was 91%, with a female predominance of 53%. The sex ratio was 0.92. The average age was 46.32 ± 15.20 years. Carriage of the infection was more important in households with more than 3 persons, in patients consuming public tap water and in those using both types of sanitary facilities. Endoscopy was indicated for epigastralgia in 93.1% of cases. About 56.14% of the infected patients had normal mucosa versus 12.28% with ulcerated lesions and 22.81% with gastritis. Conclusion: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is significant in Congo, justifying early detection in order to improve management.
Concomitant Acute Coronary Syndrome and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Particular Association and a Therapeutic Dilemma  [PDF]
Junior Rocyr Ibara-Onguema, Khaoula Bourzeg, Franck Bienvenu Ekoba Othende, Mohammed El Jamili, Saloua El Karimi, Mustapha El Hattaoui
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2023, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1109877
Abstract: Cardiocerebral infarction (CCI), defined as the concomitant occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), has been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the challenges in the treatment of CCI and to highlight the different approaches in the management of this entity. We report the case of two young women admitted to our cardiology department with acute coronary syndrome concomitant with stroke at different times and whose management differed according to their ischemic and hemorrhagic risk. It is assumed that there is a possible relationship between the two conditions rather than a mere coincidence. Explanations for this association are reviewed and discussed in detail in this paper. The management of a concurrent presentation of AIS and AMI is unclear. The use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants that are integral to the management of AMI may increase the risk of haemorrhagic transformation, and the use of a thrombolytic in AIS similarly increases the risk of heart wall rupture in AMI. As there are no large-scale studies, high quality evidence or clinical guidelines, the treatment of CCI should be highly individualized.
Lymphadenectomy for Colorectal Cancer: Experience of the Brazzaville Teaching Hospital  [PDF]
Pierlesky Elion Ossibi, Murielle Etiennette Julie Note Madzele, Noé Hensnel Motoula Latou, Didace Massamba Miabaou, Prude Pertinie Avala, Jile Florient Mimiesse-Monamou, Arnaud Mongo-Onkouo, Rody Stéphane Ngami, Fabien Gael Mouamba, Eliane Ndounga, Alexis Fortuné Bolenga Liboko, Régis Franck Moyikoua, Freznel Ngoma Mabonzo, Apendi Philestine Clausina Ahoui, Gilbert Fabrice Otiobanda, Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara
Surgical Science (SS) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/ss.2022.133011
Abstract: Introduction: Lymph node (LN) metastasis are important biomarkers in the resection of colorectal cancer translating into accurate disease staging. It is therefore obvious that lymph node dissection in the curative treatment of colorectal cancer is a prognostic factor that influences survival and guides management strategy. This study aims to evaluate lymph node dissection in colorectal cancers (CRC) managed at the Teaching Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo. Patients and Method: We carried out a descriptive prospective study during a period of 18 months from October 2020 to March 2021 involving patients who underwent curative treatment for colorectal cancer at the visceral surgery department of the Brazzaville Teaching Hospital. Results: Thirty (30) cases of CRC were recorded out of 738 hospitalizations in the visceral surgery departments, which constitute 4.06% of the in-patient activity of the department during the period under study. Mean age was 55.13 years and a male predominance was observed with a sex ratio of 1.14. Colonic involvement was predominant in our series and was found in 22 of the patients. 25 patients underwent surgical resection while 5 patients could not undergo operative treatment. 17 out of the 25 patients underwent curative treatment, 6 were offered palliative care, whereas surgical abstention was decided in 2 patients. The average number of lymphadenectomies per patient was 16.43. Lymphadenectomy was greater than or equal to 12 in 88% of patients. Nine patients had vascular emboli whereas 10 patients had perineural invasion. The tumor was staged as T3 in 15 patients; six patients had a
Effect of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth in CEMAC Zone: Role of Human Capital  [PDF]
Steve Bertrand Mboko Ibara
Modern Economy (ME) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/me.2020.1112140
Abstract:

The objective of this paper is to analyze the role played by human capital in the relationship of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). To achieve the assigned goal, we use the generalized method of moments (GMM) in a dynamic panel system proposed by Blundell et al. (2012) on annual series of 50 by country (Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, CAR, and Chad)1 from 1970 to 20192. Two major conclusions emerged from this research. The first is that human capital in the CEMAC zone contributes significantly to improving the FDI-economic growth relationship. The second conclusion is that human capital has a negative and very significant effect on economic growth, all other things being equal. This result corroborates the threshold effect estimates that have shown that the CEMAC zone has not yet reached a level of human capital, enabling

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